The World's Largest War Memorial
More than a road — a monument carved into the coastline by the hands of 3,000 returned soldiers who gave their labour as a memorial to those who never came home.
The Great Ocean Road was born from both grief and necessity. As World War I drew to a close in 1918, Chairman of the Country Roads Board William Calder proposed employing returned soldiers to build roads through Victoria's remote western coast — then accessible only by sea or rough bush track. Howard Hitchcock, a Geelong mayor who would become known as the "Father of the Road," formed the Great Ocean Road Trust in 1918 and raised funds through private subscriptions, community concerts, and swimming carnivals.
Construction began on 19 September 1919. The work was brutal — soldiers carved through rocky cliffs and dense scrub using picks, shovels, wheelbarrows, horse-drawn carts, and explosives. They were paid ten shillings and sixpence for an eight-hour day and lived in tent camps that moved along with the road. The advance survey team managed only about three kilometres per month through the rugged terrain. Several workers were killed during construction, particularly on the treacherous final sections along steep coastal mountains.
The road was completed and officially opened in November 1932 — 13 years after construction began — with Victoria's Lieutenant-Governor Sir William Irvine presiding over a ceremony near Lorne's Grand Pacific Hotel. Tragically, Howard Hitchcock had died of heart disease just months earlier, though his car was symbolically driven behind the governor's in the opening procession. The Memorial Arch at Eastern View, first erected in 1939, marks the gateway and has been rebuilt multiple times — after the 1983 Ash Wednesday bushfires and a 1990 storm collapse. The Great Ocean Road was added to the Australian National Heritage List in 2011.
3,000+Returned Soldiers
1919–193213 Years of Construction
243 kmOf Coastal Road
2011National Heritage Listed